Addressing Harassment of Election Officials: Bibliography
Below is the bibliography excerpted from the California Voter Foundation's report, Documenting and Addressing Harassment of Election Officials.
“18 U.S. Code § 875 - Interstate Communications.” LII / Legal Information Institute. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/875. Accessed 22 Dec. 2020.
“47 U.S. Code § 230 – Protection for Private Blocking and Screening of Offensive Materials.” LII / Legal Information Institute. https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/47/230. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
“2020 CARES Act Grants” U.S. Election Assistance Commission. https://www.eac.gov/payments-and-grants/2020-cares-act-grants. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Adona, Natalie, Paul Gronke, Paul Manson, Sarah Cole. “Stewards of Democracy: The Views of American Local Election Officials.” Democracy Fund, 26 Jun. 2019. https://democracyfund.org/idea/stewards-of-democracy-the-views-of-american-local-election-officials/.
Alksnis, Christine, et al. “Workforce Segregation and the Gender Wage Gap: Is ‘Women’s’ Work Valued as Highly as ‘Men’s’?” Journal of Applied Social Psychology, vol. 38, no. 6, June 2008, pp. 1416–41. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2008.00354.x.
Allott, Daniel. “The Time Has Come for Nonpartisan State Election Leadership.” The Hill, 4 Apr. 2021. https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/546307-the-time-has-come-for-nonpartisan-state-election-leadership.
Bauer, Bob and Ben Ginsburg. “State Election Officials Are Under Attack. We Will Defend Them.” New York Times, 4 Jun. 2021. https://www.nytimes.com/2021/06/04/opinion/republican-state-laws-election-officials.html.
“Benson Speaks out about Protest at Home.” WXYZ-TV Detroit. www.youtube.com, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FxFKgGXbg04. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
“California Election Funding and Governance Proposal.” California Voter Foundation, 1 Aug. 2016. https://www.calvoter.org/sites/default/files/election_funding_and_governance_proposal.pdf.
“California Law Code.” California Legislative Information. https://leginfo.legislature.ca.gov/faces/codes_displaySection.xhtml?sectionNum=646.9&lawCode=PEN. Accessed 22 Dec. 2020.
“Certificate in Election Administration.” Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs. https://www.hhh.umn.edu/certificate-programs/certificate-election-administration. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
“Community Standards.” Facebook. https://www.facebook.com/communitystandards/violence_criminal_behavior. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Cruz-Orduña, Karen. “Head of San Luis Obispo elections responds to ‘Inexcusable racial slur’ during voting debate.” Keyt.com, 5 May 2021. https://keyt.com/news/san-luis-obispo-county/2021/05/05/slo-county-clerk-recorder-tommy-gong-responds-to-racial-slur-against-him-from-public-comment-during-county-board-of-supervisors-meeting/.
“CTCL Launches Election Infrastructure Initiative.” Center for Tech and Civic Life, 6 May 2021. https://www.techandciviclife.org/election-infrastructure-launch/.
“CTCL Receives $250M Contribution to Support Critical Work of Election Officials.” Center for Tech and Civic Life, 1 Sept. 2020. https://www.techandciviclife.org/open-call/.
Derron, Carner. “Aspen Institute Launches Commission on Information Disorder to Develop Actionable Public-Private Responses to the Disinformation Crisis.” The Aspen Institute, 13 Jan. 2021. https://www.aspeninstitute.org/news/press-release/commission-on-information-disorder/.
Donovan, Joan. "The Media Manipulation Casebook." Harvard Shorenstein Center. https://mediamanipulation.org/.
Durkee, Alison. “Dominion Voting Sues Sidney Powell For Defamation Over Election Conspiracy—And Others May Be Next.” Forbes, 8 Jan. 2021. https://www.forbes.com/sites/alisondurkee/2021/01/08/dominion-voting-sues-sidney-powell-for-defamation-over-election-conspiracy-theory/.
“Elections Infrastructure Information Sharing and Analysis Center.” Center for Internet Security. https://www.cisecurity.org/ei-isac/. Accessed 5 May 2021.
“Election Administration at State and Local Levels.” National Conference of State Legislatures, 3 Feb. 2020. https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-campaigns/election-administration-at-state-and-local-levels.aspx.
“Election Interference: Ensuring Law Enforcement Is Equipped to Target Those Seeking to Do Harm.” United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary, 12 Jun. 2018. https://www.judiciary.senate.gov/meetings/election-interference-ensuring-law-enforcement-is-equipped-to-target-those-seeking-to-do-harm.
The Elections Group. “Running Elections Without Fear: Ensuring Physical Safety for Election Personnel.” The Elections Group, May 2021. https://electionsgroup.com/assets/Running%20Elections%20Without%20Fear.pdf.
The Elections Group, Brightlines, Security Positive. “Defending Democracy: Protecting Election Officials from Digital Threats.” The Elections Group, April 2021. https://fe905b4f-785c-4a89-a73e-5999b9031591.filesusr.com/ugd/346ddd_9b3....
Goodykoontz, Emily. “Election officials faced ‘unprecedented harassment’ during Anchorage mayor’s runoff, report says.”Anchorage Daily News, 26 May 2021. https://www.adn.com/alaska-news/anchorage/2021/05/26/city-clerks-report-....
“Graduate Certificates - Department of Political Science.” College of Liberal Arts - Auburn University. https://www.cla.auburn.edu/polisci/graduate-programs/mpa/curriculum/grad.... Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Gronke, Paul, Paul Manson, Jay Lee. “The Democracy Fund/Reed College Survey of Local Election Officials.” Early Voting Information Center. https://evic.reed.edu/leo-survey-summary/. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Hale, Kathleen, Robert Montjoy, Mitchell Brown. Administering Elections: How American Elections Work, 2015. https://www.palgrave.com/gp/book/9781137400413.
Hall, Thad E. "Primer on the US Election System." International Foundation for Electoral Systems, 2012. https://www.ifes.org/publications/primer-us-election-system.
Higgins, Tucker. “Threats against members of Congress have more than doubled this year, Capitol Police says.” CNBC, 7 May 2021. https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/07/threats-against-members-of-congress-have....
“Home Page.” Election Center: The National Association of Election Officials. https://www.electioncenter.org/. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
“Home Page.” Election Reformer’s Network. https://electionreformers.org/. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
“How Do I Request a Verified Badge on Facebook?” Facebook Help Center. https://www.facebook.com/help/1288173394636262. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Jankowicz, Nina, Jillian Hunchak, Alexandra Pavliuc, et al. “Malign Creativity: How Gender, Sex, and Lies Are Weaponized Against Women Online.” Wilson Center, Jan. 2021. https://www.wilsoncenter.org/publication/malign-creativity-how-gender-se....
Kalmbacher, Colin. “Legal Experts Say Dominion’s Defamation Lawsuit Against Sidney Powell Appears to Be ‘Extremely Strong’: ‘It Will Be a Hell of a Ride.’” MSN, 8 Jan. 2021. https://www.msn.com/en-us/news/crime/legal-experts-say-dominion-s-defama....
Kennedy, Merrit, Bill Chappell. “Dominion Voting Systems Files $1.6 Billion Defamation Lawsuit Against Fox News.” NPR.Org, 26 Mar. 2021. https://www.npr.org/2021/03/26/981515184/dominion-voting-systems-files-1....
Kornbluh, Karen, and Ellen P. Goodman. “Three Steps to Help Treat America’s Debilitating Information Disorder.” Washington Post, 13 Jan. 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/2021/01/13/three-steps-help-trea....
Lahut, Jake. “Georgia’s Republican Secretary of State and His Wife Received Texts Telling Them They Deserve ‘to Face a Firing Squad’ as Trump Escalated His Attacks on Election Results.” Business Insider, 19 Nov. 2020. https://www.businessinsider.com/georgia-secretary-of-state-and-his-wife-....
Lenhart, Amanda, Michele Ybarra, Kathryn Zickuhr, and Myeshia Price-Feeney. “Online Harassment, Digital Abuse, and Cyberstalking in America.” Data & Society, 21 Nov. 2016. https://datasociety.net/library/online-harassment-digital-abuse-cybersta....
Levine, David. “How to Retain Election Officials to Secure Future Elections.” Alliance for Securing Democracy, accessed 6 Jun. 2021. https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/retaining-election-officials/.
“The Long Fuse: Misinformation and the 2020 Election.” The Election Integrity Partnership, Jan. 2021. https://www.eipartnership.net.
Manpearl, Eric. “Securing U.S. Election Systems: Designating U.S. Election Systems as Critical Infrastructure and Instituting Election Security Reforms Notes.” Boston University Journal of Science and Technology Law, vol. 24, no. 1, 2018, p. [i]-192. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/jstl24&div=8....
Maple, Caitlin. “Investing in California’s Democracy: Building a Partnership for Performance.” California Forward, May 2016. https://cafwd.org/news/category/democracy/elections-funding-project/.
Moretti, Mindy. “In Focus This Week: Being Online Isn’t Enough.” Electionline Weekly, 15 Apr. 2021. https://electionline.org/electionline-weekly/2021/04-15/.
Moynihan, Donald P., and Carol L. Silva. “The Administrators of Democracy: A Research Note on Local Election Officials.” Public Administration Review, vol. 68, no. 5, 2008, pp. 816–27. Wiley Online Library, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2008.00923.x.
Myers, John. “Essential Politics: California’s election official exodus.” The Los Angeles Times, 12 Apr. 2021. https://www.latimes.com/politics/newsletter/2021-04-12/california-electi....
“NASS Members.” National Association of Secretaries of State. http://www.nass.org/membership. Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
Nava, Pedro, et al. “California Election Infrastructure: Making a Good System Better.” Little Hoover Commission, Apr. 2021. https://lhc.ca.gov/report/california-election-infrastructure-making-good....
Orey, Rachel, Matthew Weil. “Improving the Voting Experience After 2020.” Bipartisan Policy Center, 7 Apr. 2021. https://bipartisanpolicy.org/report/voting-experience-2020/.
Perez, Sarah. “Twitter to Launch a Revamped Verification System with Publicly Documented Guidelines.” TechCrunch, 8 Jun. 2020. https://social.techcrunch.com/2020/06/08/twitter-to-launch-a-revamped-ve....
“Professional Education Program.” Election Center: The National Association of Election Officials. https://www.electioncenter.org/certified-elections-registration-administ.... Accessed 25 Apr. 2021.
“Rioters Chanted “Hang Mike Pence” at Capitol as Pence Fled with Family Seconds before.” CNN Video. 6 Jan. 2021. https://www.cnn.com/videos/politics/2021/01/15/mike-pence-close-call-cap....
“Senate Impeachment Trial Day 2, Part 2.” C-SPAN.Org, 10 Feb. 2021. https://www.c-span.org/video/?508741-101/senate-impeachment-trial-day-2-....
“Senators Shown Security Video Footage of Vice President Pence’s Evacuation During Capitol Attack” C-SPAN.Org, 10 Feb. 2021. https://www.c-span.org/video/?c4945090/senators-shown-security-video-foo....
“State House Passes Bill to Exempt Certain Election Security Information from Public Records Disclosure.” The Spokesman-Review, 25 Feb. 2021. https://www.spokesman.com/stories/2021/feb/25/state-house-passes-bill-to....
“Statement from Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson Concerning Threats against Her and Her Family.” Michigan Secretary of State, 6 Dec. 2020. https://www.michigan.gov/sos/0,4670,7-127-93094-546741--,00.html.
Solove, Daniel. Privacy and Security Academy: Privacy Torts and the Media in the US, 2018. https://www.privacysecurityacademy.com/product/privacy-torts-and-the-med....
Supreme Court Case. Elonis v. United States, 575 U.S. 2015. https://www.uscourts.gov/educational-resources/educational-activities/fa....
“U.S. Election Assistance Commission.” EAC. https://www.eac.gov/. Accessed 5 May 2021.
“Verifying Elections: Towards Good Practices Amid Social Media-Facilitated Misinformation.” Election Standards at The Carter Center, 2019. https://electionstandards.cartercenter.org/verifying-elections-misinfoco....
Walljasper, Matt. “Gabriel Sterling on Death Threats, the Dark Side, and America’s Redemptive Potential.” Atlanta Magazine, 8 Feb. 2021. https://www.atlantamagazine.com/news-culture-articles/gabriel-sterling-o....
Wick, Julia. “Column: A female mayor denounces the harassment she receives. Hours later, a man is arrested at her office.” The Los Angeles Times, 19 Jan. 2020. https://www.latimes.com/california/story/2020-01-19/heidi-harmon-female-....
Wines, Michael. “Here Are the Threats Terrorizing Election Workers.” The New York Times, 3 Dec. 2020. https://www.nytimes.com/2020/12/03/us/election-officials-threats-trump.html.